Analysis Of Internet Banking

Analysis Of ne dickensrk BankingThe commentary of network believeing varies in m each ways. Basically, cyberspace Banking can be understood as the new fashion to provide tuition related to to en confides and their dish up via an online homepage (Mahmood and Steve, 2009 Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002). Daniel (1999), Arunachalam Sivasubramanian (2007) in whatsoever case defines net Banking as the slant of banks in organizeation and work to clients via incompatible delivery platforms, such(prenominal) as computer or mobile phone. Via the net using PC or mobile phone and web-browser, a banks nodes can request information and run out most banking services (Daniel, 1999 Mols, 1998 Sathye, 1999). Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon (2002) be mesh banking service as banking service that allows customers to access and perform fiscal transactions on their bank accounts from their computers with profits connection.Some researchers delimitate Internet Banking based on wh ich services it offers to customers. Internet Banking is delivery enrapture of banking services which allows both private and corporate customers to use various banking transactions such as new account opening, payment, loan application and approval, cash management, etc. (Pikkarainen, Karjaluoto, and Pahnila, 2004). Internet Banking is also an electronic connection mingled with the bank and the customer with the aim of preparing, managing and controlling financial transactions for both parties (Burr, 1996). Pikkarainen et al (2004) define internet banking as an internet portal, through which customers can use different kinds of banking services ranging from carte du jour payment to making investments. With the click of a mouse, Internet Banking can help banking customers to access to almost any type of banking transaction (De Young, 2001). a nonher(prenominal) researchers define Internet Banking based on its benefits brings to banks. Pikkarainen et al, (2004) considered Intern et Banking as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking products. Despite high starting-up costs of Internet Banking channel, Internet Banking clam up can become profitable when achieving a critical mass (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Additionally, the use of the internet is seen as a new alternative channel for the distri preciselyion of financial services which offer competitive advantage (Flavin et al, 2004 Gan and Clemes, 2006). Because the rents of todays customers argon more(prenominal)(prenominal) sophisticated and demanding in the banking industry, classifyes alone are no longer capable (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). Internet Banking has provided an alternative means to acquire banking services more conveniently and become ideal for banks to meet customers expectations. Thanks to Internet Banking, banks can use information and communication technology to provide services and manage customer consanguinity more quickly and most satisfactorily (Charity-Commission, 2003) . Internet Banking has become the main means for banks to market and sell their products and services help banks stay profitable and successful (Amato-McCoy, 2005). This electronic distribution of services offers various benefits which will be discussed in the neighboring section. Additionally, the main characteristic of Internet Banking is that Internet Banking brings the differences between traditional, tangible market place and the virtual one (Rayport and Sviokla, 1994). nodes conduct banking transactions using online electronic channel instead of bank branches. Without visiting a brick and- mortar institution, through Internet Banking, a customer may perform banking transactions electronically (Al-Abed, 2003).In conclusion, for the exercise of this research, the researcher defines electronic banking as the new delivery of banking services and products through the use of electronic means such as mobile phones, or computers which machine-accessible to Internet in all the tim e and in all places. Such products and services can include deposit-taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment, and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic currency.2.1.2 Internet Banking Advantages and Disadvantages2.1.2.1 Internet Banking Advantages2.1.2.1.1 Customers ConvenienceCustomers enjoy the conveniences of internet banking services since Internet Banking fetchs banking transactions faster, easier and more efficient. Convenience has been identified by a number of studies as an authorised adoption factor (ACNielsen, 2005 Pew, 2003 Ramsay and Smith, 1999 Thornton and White, 2001). For customers, the benefits are more plectrum greater competition and correct value for money more information fall in tools to manage and compare information and faster service (Sergeant, 2000).With the provision of Internet Banking services, customers can be possessed of convenience in terms of 2 4/7 access (Pew, 2003). Traditionally, visiting a physical branch is the only way for customers to do banking transactions which require security and privacy. Without Internet Banking, bank transactions are only implemented within office hours. On the other hand, banks which offer Internet Banking are open for business every time and every place with Internet connection. Therefore, Internet Banking users are able to save time and transportation expenses, postponement time as well. When accessing the Internet connection, via phones or computers, customers can do banking transactions without any efforts. Internet Banking enables users to possess mobility since transactions can be performed in any time and at any place. Customers are increasingly mobile and demand for flexible services, as a aftermath, they prefer quick delivery of products and services.Additionally, Internet Banking also provides paper free, complete and up-to-date transactions (W expert and Ralston, 2002). Internet Banking users are easy to know all details of their period and past financial data and banking transactions. any inquiry or transaction is processed online without any reference to the physical branch at any time. Instead of filling out application form and sign many papers, or use ID card for security, consumers just log in their account and type account password, they arrive the accurate and updated financial data. real time account balances and information are available. For example, customers always update the information about interest rates and money-spending options.Compared with traditional over-the-counter banking, Internet Banking prime(prenominal) is not influenced by face-to-face contact between customers and banks (Lu Nancy Zheng, 2010). Banking transactions with the provision of Internet Banking can be automated. When banks do not offer Internet Banking, any banking transactions need the involvement of bank employees. Although human communication plays an import ant role in market, this can be considered as a double-edged sword. The reference of services depends on attitudes of bank employee. Moreover, Internet Banking benefits banks for minimizing the likelihood of committing errors by bank tellers (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). To nigh extent, not offering face-to-face contact can be seen as one of the advantages of Internet Banking.2.1.2.1.2 Increased ProfitsFirstly, Internet Banking helps improved profits by lowering operation costs. Expanding geographically by opening new branches requires high starting-up cost and aliment costs. With the help of Internet Banking, banking transactions do not require a physical presence. As a result, Internet Banking deepens reduction of overhead costs of physical channels, which require expensive buildings and a staff presence. Additionally, all banking transaction of Internet Banking is largely automatic which enables banks to reduce the workload of branch staff. Also, Internet Banking helps avo id errors related to data entry and personal communication mistakes. Indeed, banks not only save costs but also easier expand the traditional customer bases. Internet Banking replaces some of traditional bank functions to reduce significant overheads related to bank branches, as a result, Internet Banking is considered as one of the cheapest delivery channels for banking services (Arunachalam and Sivasubramanian, 2007). Moreover, Internet Banking helps banks in cutting cost, improve market share, maintain various E-business services, extend marketing and communication channel, search for new innovation services, and improve cross-selling opportunities (Ongkasuwan and Tantichattanon, 2002).Secondly, another basis why Internet Banking improved economic returns for banks is that Internet Banking allows banks to diversify their value creation activities. While doing transaction banking online, users easily approach with many other cross-selling banking services with details. Selling an additional product or service to an existing customer is called cross-selling. The profits can be gained not only based on actual offered services but also other cross-selling activities (Arunachalam and Sivasubramanian, 2007). According to Mahmood and Steve (2009), the higher than norm income and education take aims are more attracted by Internet Banking is high profit customers. base on detailed data about customers financial profiles and purchasing behavior, banks which possess detailed encountering of customers create customized advertising, customized products for bank users. By this way, not only on-line(prenominal) services banks offer but also other services can be sold. Internet Banking provides faster delivery of banking services to a wider range of customers (Oghenerukevbe, 2008). non only did the number of its online customer grow very quickly, but the new customer base was also very profitable.2.1.2.1.3 Competitive AdvantageThe use of Internet Banking can gain c ompetitive advantage to deal with globalization and fiercer competition (Flavin, Torres, Guinalu, 2004).Firstly, Internet Banking enables banks to achieve competitive advantage since having a large online and physical branch network. Operation cost per Internet Banking transaction is much lower than for other service delivery channels (Shah et al., 2007). Jayawardhena and Foley (2000) reported that the transaction cost for non-cash payment at a branch relative to the internet can be 11 times more than online transaction. By lower operation cost, Internet Banking enables a bank to survive the economic pressures and down-turns.Secondly, Internet Banking helps banks to gain competitive advantage since it is seen as one of those innovative ways to meet customers expectations (Mahmood and Steve, 2009). In this customer-centered business, customers are more demanding for products or services with high-quality, sold at less cost and delivered quickly. Thanks to its characteristics, Intern et Banking is one of the best options. Internet Banking helps banking users can access any transactions in all time and everywhere with the lowest costs.Thirdly, Internet Banking is considered as a key in both keeping customers loyal and accessing new markets. Apart from involution by selling products or services for new customers, maintain existing ones is equally important, especially in current difficult economic situation. There is more and more pressure on banks to diversify their products to create value. Otherwise, banks are likely to drag behind competitors and new entrants in financial sectors lose important current customer segment. For example, Woolwich Bank in the UK, compared with traditional banking customers, Internet Banking customers hold more number of financial products on average (Mahmood and Steve, 2009).2.1.2.1.4 Enhanced ImageInternet Banking helps to enhance the image of the organization since banks is seen as innovative organization offering innovative prod ucts. This image also helps banks more rough-and-ready at e-marketing. Internet Banking enables customers to access internet bank all the time and in all places which means that there is no boundary of spaces and time brings more opportunities to extend their descent with the customers Robinson (2000). More effective marketing and communication at lower costs will not only improve market image but also prepare banks to have better and quicker response to market evolution (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000). Offering unembellished service delivery channels means wider choice and convenience for customers, which itself is an improvement in customer service. Internet Banking can be made available 24 hours a day throughout the year, and a widespread availability of the Internet, even on mobile phones, means that customers can conduct many of their financial tasks virtually anywhere and anytime.2.1.2.2 Internet Banking Disadvantages2.1.2.2.1 High costsAlthough Internet Banking saves infras tructure costs for banks as above mention reasons, banks introducing Internet Banking just made little savings (Young, 2007). The reason is that any savings are offset by above average wages and benefits per worker. Internet Banking needs a more skilled labor force to run the more sophisticated delivery system. Moreover, costs related extra security measures need taken into consideration.2.1.2.2.2 The negative effects on banks and customers raceThe traditional channels of offering banking services strongly focus on personal relationships. It is essential to maintain the human touch in customer services (Avkiran, 1999). Customers might be satisfied with the greeting, politeness, neatness of bank employees, ability to express aid for customers needs, apologize for customers complaints. The way of staff members serving customers are likely to influence customer gaiety directly. Internet Banking completely changes this aspect of customer and bank relationship since it is fully automa ted.A traditional bank provides the opportunity to develop a personal relationship with that bank. At a local bank branch, employee can make a conservation to ask their customers demand or help them to solve their problems, consult their financial decisions. It is increasingly personal contact with customers. The banker also will wank to know the customer and his unique needs. Meanwhile, Internet Banking just performs ballpark transactions without any face-to-face contacts (Cho et al. 2007). According to Broderick and Vachirapornuk (2003333), customers do not have interaction with employees in person.2.1.3 Internet Banking Barriers2.1.3.1 Accessibility to the InternetWireless communications enables Internet Banking become more and more accessible. Although the growth of the Internet has been very fast, there is still a large population who do not own computers or mobile phones connect to the Internet. For example, different from developed countries, Internet connectivity is still a problem in some rural areas and several developing countries. Lack of computer literacy is one of the reasons Internet Banking is less developed (Walczuch et al., 2000).2.1.3.2 Consumer BehaviorAs above mentioned, convenience is not only a key determinant of consumer contentment (Yang et al., 2003) but also one of the dominating factors in transaction channel preferences (Ramsay and Smith, 1999). In the field of Internet Banking, this is one of the most cited beneficial features because it offers more leisure-time when doing banking transaction (Devlin, 1995 Daniel, 1999 Liao and Cheung, 2002).Despite the awareness of Internet Bankings benefit, users are still reluctant to use Internet Banking. It is very common in developing countries to physically transfer money. The minority of customers are willing to use Internet Banking, whereas a large number of consumers of financial services are still uncomfortable to conduct their financial management online. The reason is that the use of new technology depends on the technology acceptance of customers and the consumer habits in each country.2.1.3.3 security department IssuesSecurity challenges banks to deal with customer fears in perform financial transactions using website as a channel (Aladwani, 2001 Sathye, 1999 Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003). In the first quarter of 2005, 80% of global online attacks towards the financial services sector (IDC, 2005).Customers tend to lack confidence in technology-based services delivery systems (Walker et al., 2002). For example, they are unsure that the transaction was completed or the transaction is delayed or not. Also, they are afraid that slow response time after completing leads to a delay of service delivery. This can result in transaction risk (Westland, 2002). This repairs mainly because of the quality of online services systems.Reputation of the bank also significantly affects customer adoption of new technology-based service delivery (Aladwani, 2001). Interestingl y, other researchers found that consumer is very much confident about their bank but they have less confidence in technology (Howcroft et al., 2002). Consumers express their concern that online banking is not likely to keep their information of transaction secure and private (Belanger et al., 2002 Salisbury et al., 2001). Therefore, it is essential for Internet Banking banks provider higher degree of security that enables customers to trust internet banking at all times and places (Daniel, 1999, Black et al, 2001 Polatoglu and Ekin, 2001 Suganthi et al, 2001 Gerrard and Cunningham, 2003).2.2 Understanding of Customer gaietyBoth business practitioners and academic researchers pay more and more anxiety to customer satisfaction (Bolton and Drew, 1991 Christian Bettina, 1999). Jamal and Naser (2003) emphasized the importance of customer satisfaction for marketers and researchers as well when stating that it is an important theoretical and practical issue. Thus, from the past on, cust omer satisfaction is defined by different studies in different ways which brings a diversity of definitions for customer satisfaction.Firstly, customer satisfaction can be basically defined by using its determinants. Many researcher used expectation and disconfirmation (Kang, Nobuyuki and Herbert, 2004), or expectation and performance (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 2001), or quality and disconfirmation (McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000), or expectation and quality (Giese and Cote, 2002) as customer satisfactions determinants to define customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, Prabhakar (2005) found customer satisfactions factors include the price factors, product or services quality, customers expectations.Secondly, customer satisfaction can be defined based on two different conceptualizations, namely Transaction-specific satisfaction and Cumulative-specific satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Transaction-specific satisfaction is a customers paygrade, based on both experience and reactions, towa rds a fussy service encounter (Cronin and Taylor, 1992 Boshoff and Gray, 2004). Cumulative-specific satisfaction is defined as customers overall valuation based on intact purchase and consumption experience (Johnson, Anderson and Fornell, 1995). While transaction-specific satisfaction provides specific transactional information about specific purchase occasion (Anderson, 1994b), cumulative-specific satisfaction refers to customers experience with past, current, and future performances.Thirdly, customer satisfaction is the gap while comparison between pre-purchased expectation and post purchase (Barsky, 1992 Oh and Parks, 1997 McQuitty, Finn and Wiley, 2000). This conceptualization is called the expectancy disconfirmation theory which developed by Oliver (1980). According to this theory, customers experience satisfaction when product or service is better than expected. Otherwise, if the performance is worse than their expectations, negative disconfirmation or dissatisfaction occu rs. Customer satisfaction is a highly personal assessment which consists of not only cognitive element but also wound up element. Customers buy products or services because the benefits products or services offer. Hanan, Mack and Karp, Peter (1989) stated that customers receives significant add-value is satisfied customers. Therefore, customers always expect products possess benefits they need.Apart from other above mention definitions, more definitions of customer satisfaction are presented in following Figure 2.1.Figure 2.1 Customer Satisfaction explanationNo.AuthorDefinition1Olshavsky Miller (1972)The consequence of the confirmation or positive disconfirmation of expectations, which means that the perceived performance is equal to or better than the expected outcome2Churchill and Surprenant (1982)An outcome of purchase and use resulting from the buyers comparison of the rewards and costs of the purchase in relation to the anticipated consequences3Woodruff et al. (1983)An emoti onal feeling in response to confirmation/disconfirmation4Peter Olson (1996)The degree to which a consumers pre-purchase expectations are fulfilled or surpassed by a product5Oliver (1997)Satisfaction is the consumers fulfillment response. It is a judgment that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself, provided (or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment, including levels of under or over fulfillment6Andreassen Lindestad (1998)The accumulated experience of a customers purchase and consumption experiencesDefinition of customer satisfaction and debates relate to this definition is widely discussed. On the other hand, in this study, customer satisfaction can be simply understood that customer satisfaction is the customer pleasure when products or services meet customers demand.2.3 The relationship between Customer Satisfaction and its antecedentsDue to the importance of customer satisfaction, a variety of research has been done to deter mine the factors influencing customer satisfaction (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982 Oliver, 1980 Barsky, 1995 Zeithaml and Bitner, 2003). According to Oliver (1980), there are three factors influencing Customer Satisfaction military service superior (1), Price (2), Privacy and Security (3).Figure 2.1 Factors influencing Customer Satisfaction2.3.1 The relationship between Service Quality and Customer SatisfactionConcepts of Service QualityThe most important component affecting customer satisfaction is Service Quality (Shelly Gandhi et al Cronin and Taylor, 1992 Oliver, 1993 Spreng and Machoy, 1996). Similarly with customer satisfaction, many academic researchers paid attention to service quality since it is a means of creating competitive advantages and customer devotion (Dawn et al., 1995).Generally, service quality measures whether services meet customers needs and expectations or not (Lewis and Booms, 1983). Cronin and Taylor (1994) defined service quality as a long-run overall evaluation of products or services whereas Bitner, Booms and Mohr (1994) defined service quality as the overall impression of the organization and its services. Similar to customer satisfaction definition, according to Parasuraman et al. (1985), service quality can be defined as the consumers comparison between pre-purchase service expectation and actual service performance. Since Parasuraman et al. (1985) proposed their conceptual model of perceived service quality, more and more attention has been paid to services quality. On the other hand, the research conducted by Parasuraman et al. (1985) is mostly recognized.Table 2.2 Dimensions of Service QualityAuthorDimensions of Service QualityGronroos 1982Technical qualityFunctional qualityCorporate imageZeithamls (2002)Efficiency dependablenessFulfillmentPrivacy reactivityCompensationContactJun and Cai (2001)ReliabilityResponsivenesscompetencyCourtesy credibilityAccessCommunicationUnderstandingCollaborationContinuous improvementYang et al. (2004)ReliabilityAttentivenessEase of useAccessCredibilityGarvin (1988)Besterfield (2003)PerformanceFeaturesConformanceReliabilityDurabilityServiceResponseAestheticsReputationAfter researching different types of services, such as long-distance telecommunication companies, accredit card companies, motor repair shops and banking industry, Parasuraman et al. (1985) stated that there are ten determinants of Service Quality as followsReliability The ability to perform services to customers right the first time and provide reliable and accurate services as promised.Tangibles Physical evidence of the services (neat appearance of employees, modern equipment and facility).Security Providing services without any risk or danger.Access unproblematic to approach with services and contact with employees for request.Communication Understanding and listening ability to customers, knowing what customers want to help.Courtesy venerate customer, being polite and friendly to customers, express t he concern related to customers problems.Credibility Building and achieve honest and trustworthiness towards customers.Understanding Knowing the customer what is customers needs.Competence Possession of the required skills and knowledge to perform the service.10. Responsiveness The willingness or readiness of employees when interact with customers requests.However, later in 1988, these above mentioned ten dimensions were cut down to fives by Parasuraman et al. (1985)Tangibility the appearance and availability of physical equipment, appearance of personnel.Reliability the ability to perform the service promptly with high quality in the dependable and accurate way.Responsiveness the readiness to help customers.Assurance includes four elements, such as Competence, courtesy, credibility and security. The ability to communicate with customers in the knowledgeable and understandable way to express customers and convey trust and confidence to them.Empathy includes access, communication, a nd understanding the customer. The ability to express the concern with customers, pay attention to their needs and problems in a caring and individualized way.The relationship between Service Quality and Customer SatisfactionVarious academics have studied service quality and customer satisfaction in order to understand customer evaluation (Bitner Hubber, 1993 Boulding, Staelin, Kalra, Zeithaml, 1993 Oliver, 1993 Parasuraman, 1985). In many study researching on customer evaluation, quality and satisfaction are used interchangeably since they both presents the comparison of customer expectiation and actual service performance (Lowis and Boom, 1983 Parasuraman, 1985).On the other hand, there is still difference between two concepts. Customer satisfaction is more specific, short-term evaluation while service quality is more general and long-term evaluations (Dabholkar, 1993 and Gotlieb, Grewal and Brown, 1994).In contrast, according to Wilson et al. (2008), customer satisfaction is mo re permanent than service quality since it more often than not is a broader term, some dimensions of customer satisfaction are specifically focused on by service quality.As defined above, customer satisfaction has two definitions as transaction-specific and cumulative-specific customer satisfaction (Boulding, 1993). Regardless of whether customer satisfaction has been defined by transaction-specific or cumulative-specific definitions, service quality is one of the most important antecedents of customer satisfaction (Oliver, 1993 Anderson Sullivan, 1993 Fornell et al., 1996 Spreng Macky, 1996). The higher service quality is, the higher satisfaction is (Parasuraman et al., 1985).From the past on, service quality and customer satisfaction is highly related which proved by many studies with practical examples. For instance, Brady et al., (2001) used SERVQUAL in examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality in fast-food restaurants in America and Latin Ame rica. SERVQUAL model includes ten aspects responsiveness, courtesy, communication, reliability, security, competence, access, understanding the customers, credibility and tangibles. Additionally, LISREL was used to conduct the test the same positive relationship in a health care service in Ruyter et al. (1997).Based on the research conducted by Yang et al. (2004) related to E-Service, the study will focus on five Service Quality Dimensions as followsReliability Accuracy and prompt of transaction performance.Attentiveness Availability to serve customer, willingness to help customer, pay individualized attention and personal contact to customers.Ease of use Easy to remember URL address, well-structured web-design, easy-to-follow, update information, concise, simple and understandable contents, terms and conditions.Access Accessibility of different transaction services, availability of communication channels such as chat rooms or emails, details contact of service personnel.Credibility The reputation of service providers.Based on the above discussions, the hypothesis (H1) is formulated.H1 Service quality has a significant relationship with customers satisfaction in Internet Banking.2.3.2 The relationship between Price and Customer SatisfactionConcept of PricePrice plays an important role in the survival of the company since it decided the competitiveness and revenue of a company. According to Price Theory, price reflects interaction between supply and demand in the market. In other words, price is determined by what a customer is willing to pay and what a seller is willing to accept. With this agreement, both customers and sellers get mutual benefits because customers take advantage of the product usage while sellers get their economic returns. Similarly with Price Theory, Stanton (1985) defined price as the amount of money or goods needed to acquire some combination of another goods and its companying services.These findings are also consistent with other resear ch findings. For example, Kotler (2002) defined price as the total amount customer needs to exchange in order to obtain a benefit of the products or services price is the amount of money charged for a product or service. In order to achieve marketing objectives, The Marketing Mix is essential for firms and includes four P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) creating general and specific marketing strategies for the whole company (Kotler, 2002). Price is one of the four P in The Marketing Mix which developed by Philip Kotler.The relationship between Price and Customer SatisfactionThere is a clear link between customer satisfaction and price perceptions (Kyriazopoulos, 2007). Numerous studies discussed the relationship between price and customer satisfaction. For example, this relationship is proved through the study conducted in German car dea

Language Learning Styles And Strategies English Language Essay

Language Learning Styles And Strategies side Language EssayDr Georgi Lazanov, a Bulgarian proponent of the accelerated teaching affirmed that human education is the basic and natual function-easier than breathing and walking (as cited in Prashnig, 2004). This seems to be right to learning a words as a mother tongue beca physical exercise we were born with the same ability of learning our number one voice communication so just about of us acquire and learn our first language easily and natur all(prenominal)y. However, the expectation is not the same to acquiring and learning a second or contrasted language. In my cargoner of English language teaching, I run through witnessed a number of assimilators who become very little go up in their language learning whereas the others get improved quickly and conspicuously. Althought some students have received generally equivalent language education at schools or universities, they show unlikenesss in proficency and competence in us ing the come in language. So, wherefore ar some successful and the others fail to get unspoiled skill in their learning? Why do those students can lecture well in the target language nevertheless the others can not communicate fluenctly and confidently? Is it beca procedure some be smarter than the others? what gear ups the differences among these students? A number of researches on these matters have indicated that each student prefers different learning styles and their learning styles impact on the trategies they apply to their learning. This results in learning styles as well as learning strategies affecting the students learning achievement (Ehrman Oxford, 1988). This discovery confirms Georgi Lazanovs belief that learning is a matter of attidude not apptitude. The importance of learning styles and stategies have been widely recognized in language learning and more(prenominal) and more research has been done on them .Definitions of terms.According to Brown (2000, p . 113).Style is the term expendd to refer consistent and rather enduring tiltencies and preferences an individual has. Styles argon characteristics of intellectual functioning that make an individual unique. Styles characterized an individuals typical way of thingking and feelingStrategy is the term mapping to refer a method of approaching a prolem and an operation used to achieve a smashicular goal. dissimilar people employed varied strategies to solve their own problems and the strategies they use might not be the same time by time.A good language savant to Joan Rubin ( 1975, pp. 46-48)is a willing and accurate guesser. He employs steal ways to perceive and lick information. He accepts uncertainty and he is flexible and comfortable in applying his ability of guessing to explore for and get the meaning of the communication from the clues that he is offerd in the telescope in combination with using his social and linguistic schemata.has strong motivation to communicate. He is willing to involve himself in communicating by using any(prenominal) intend such as circumlocution, gestures, spelling, paraphrasing, creatively forming new words from the original ones.to express his meaning or to get his message across.is not inhibited. He is willing to make mistake because he believes mistakes are part of language learning process. He learns from his own mistakes by trying to understand them and avoid repeating them.is nimble to attend to form. While a normal learner tends to percieve what they are taught in the textbooks or lessons in the classroom, a good language learner seeks for something else beyond them. He is constantly seeming for patterns in the language by analyzing, categorizing and synthesizing it.practices what he has learned or acquired. He find the opportunities to use the language as soon as possiple not only in class but also outside the classroom.monitors his own rescue and the speech of others. He evaluates his performance by mornitor ing his own speech and getting feedback from the listeners. He also mornitors the others to see how they use the language in comparision with the standards he has been taught.attends to meaning. He pays help to not only the forms of speech or grammar but also the meaning of the language by negotiating the meaning of the message in differenct contexts.Statement about the background of the learners in the research and the research motilitysThe learners are juvenile graduates or experienced engineers from different parts of Vietnam recruited to work for projects of Petrovietnam. They have received nearly equivalent English language education at school and at university. However, after graduation they are at different English growth levels. Like most of the other Vietnamese students, they can hardly speak English. approximately of them even can not read aloud an English reading text fluently. This is the most common problem for English language learners in Vietnam. They are sent to PVMTC to take a special course to improve their technical knowledge and English skills, especially speaking skill, to perform their job together with foreign experts in their field at industrial facilities or in offices. They have five classes a week and each class lasts for four hours. They are extremely motivated because after the course, they are expected to achieve at least 650 marks on TOIEC and to be good at communication in all circumstances in order to be appointed to different appropriate positions at their working place. The learning objectives of the course are obvious and CLT approach is chosen to apply in teaching the students so that they can improve their communicative skills in English.Before doing the course, the school give them a placement test to categorise their English proficiency levels and put them in the diffirent appropriate classes accordingly. The students have different attitudes and behaviuor to their language learning and so is their learning set upiveness. The elevated proficiency students usually turn up to make better progress, their learning outcome bug outs better than the low proficiency students, and especially, their speaking skills get improved obviously. So, my study serves to find out the answers to the following questionsWhat makes the difference in the midst of the students of low and high language proficiency level?What is the difference of language learning strategy use between EFL students of high and low proficiency levels in learning English speaking in Petrovietnam Manpower Training College (PVMTC) in Vietnam?What can a teacher do to help these leaners of diffirent learning styles use and combine different types of strategies in their English speaking learning?Being different from learning styles, language learning strategies can be probably teach to the learners. Hopefully, the finding of the study and its practical implication could help language teachers in their teaching.Liturature ReviewLanguage learning stylesLearning styles are prefered approaches to learning, the environment of a learner and the ways he or she perceives and processes information, the specific ways that an individual acquires, prevails, and retrieves information (Felder Henriques, 1995), inherent and pervasive characteristics of a particular individual or a free radical of people (Willing, 1988), preferred or habital patterns of mental functioning and get bying with new information (Ehrman and Oxford, 1990), means of acquiring knowdlege and skills, habits, strategies, regular mental behaviours concerning learning an individual displays (Pritchard, 2008). Or according to Keefe (as cited in Griggs, 1991), learning styles are the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment.Different researchers have got different definitions of the learening styl es depending on their perception of learning and education psychology. So there are also different dimension of learning styles and more than twenty dollar bill dimentions of learning styles have been known so far focusing on social, physical, environtmental preference, personality type, cognitive ability. In this paper, I would like mention the two models of learning styles that are relatively related to language learning.VARK- Visual, Aural, Read-Write and KinetheticNeil Fleming (1987) classified learners according to their preference in the ways of getting, retaining and processing the input as well as execute the output.Visual learners learn through seeing and like using the words that they can visualize their images. In the classroom, they are usually impatient. They tend to interupt the others while they are talking but they are good at talking and persuading.Auditory learners are veryly good listeners. They like verbal explanation and information in spoken words. They think in a linear way and they speak slowly.Read-write learners enjoy writing and reading. They feel more comfortable with any input or output in form of texts.Kinethetic learners learn through manual operation using senses. They try new things and they learn from the errors they make. They tend to like dealing with real life problems but they are not very risky in making decision.The Index of Learning StylesThe famous model of Learning Styles developed by Richard Felder and Linda Silverman 1988 devived the learning styles into four dimensions indicating the ways in which the learners perceive the world.Sensing and intuitive (Perception dimension)Sensing learners prefer learning the facts. They learn best with certain and real information. They tend to solve problems in a common way and they hate complications.Intuitive learners prefer discovering posibilities and relationships. They tend to like finding the meaning. Information of conception, creation and theory rive them most. They do not like repeatition.Active and reflective (Processing dimension)Active learners prefer doing. They understand well and keep in their mind the given information for persistent if they are allowed to act, learning. They learn best with the others.Reflective learners prefer to think, evaluate, analysis the input. They feel more comfortable with learning quietly and individually.Visual and verbal (Input dimension)Visual learners deal well with graphs, pictures, and diagrams. They prefer visual representations of information. Verbal learners get inforamation most if it is in some(prenominal) spoken and written words.Sequential and Global (Understanding dimension)Sequential learners get the sympathy of the information in a linear way and they get the whole input by connecting logically and orderly the segments of it with one another.Global learners look at the input as the big picture to understand them. They usually work with the whole then its details.Language learning strategiesLea rning strategies are operations, steps, plans, thoughts or behaviors that learners use to help themselves to acquire, retain, regain and use information (Wenden Rubin, 1987 OMalley and Chamot, 1990 Weinstein Mayer, 1986). In other words, learning strategies are characterized as specific actions that learners take to make their languge learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more solventive and more transferable to new situations (Oxford, 1989, 1990).Among the strategy taxonomies developed by varied researchers such as Stern, O Malley and Oxford, as a teacher, I am particularly interested in the Stratey Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) which was developed by Oxford in 1990 for its importance as a effective implement to determine the strategies that a learner uses in learning English.In her system, Oxford separates language learning strategies into two general classes direct strategies and indirect strategies. These two classes are divided into six grou ps memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social strategies.Direct Strategies are employed by learners to deal with the new language.Memory strategies used for information storage and retention include in four sets creating mental linkages, applying images and sounds, reviweing well and employing actions.These strategies helps learners remember what they have learned better by putting them together in a logical order, retain and retrieve them by associating them with images and sounds and act them out if it is possible. At the early stage of the language learning or for the learners who are young children, memory strategies are use most frequently to learn vocabulary.Cognitive strategies used for analyzing, classifying and combining new information with the learnerss prior knowledge comprise of four sets Practising, receiving and sending messages strategies, analizing, reasoning and creating building for input and output. Learners employ these strategies as t ools to achieve the target language by reapeating verbally or in words to get new information, to complete a complex task needing a lot of thinking like reading comprehension which is closely related to the learners prior knowlege, to summarize and restructure the target language in useful forms.Compensation strategies used for reducing the effects of lacking knowledge of the target language included in two sets guessing intelligently and overcoming limitations in speaking and writing. The learners insufficiency of vocabulary and grammar can be overcome by guessing, using gestures, adjusting the message.Indirect Strategies used for genaral management of learning can be used in combination with Direct Strategies to regulate the learning.Metacognitive strategies used by the learners for the sefl-reflection. They embrace three sets centering your learning, arranging and planning your learning, evaluating your learning. The strategies aim to drive the learners attention to particular sk ill areas of the language to improve, set the goals and objectives, organize their learning by dealing well with tasks to get the best achievement, seek opportunities to prastise and self-evaluate by monioring their learning progress to make sure that they get benefit from their effort.Affective strategies used for controling learnersemotions, attitudes and motivations. They fall into four sets lowering your anguish, encouraging yourself and taking your emotonal temperature. The learners have both positive and negatively charged feelings that may slow down or speed up their learning process. The strategies help them to control their negative feelings to overcome the psychologic difficulty, self- pull ahead to have themselves engage fully in learning the language and command themselve by sharing their feelings in different ways.Social strategies used for co-operating with others in learning. These strategies contain three sets asking questions, co-operating with orthers, empathizin g with others. Asking question is the most useful way to get imformation and its meaning. Learning language occurs mostly in communicating with others. So co-operation gives learners the best chance to get involved in the learning environment to learn the language. The trategies help learners enhance cultural understanding and sharing others feelings and learn the language.Overview of research on learning styles and strategiesMany researcherss findings have implied the effect of learning strategies and indicate that most language learners unconciously use learning stratergies to enhence their learning and they sometimes may not really realize that they have chosen the most appropriate strategies to utilize and (Chamot Kupper, 1989). It is also verbalise that the good learners know well the strategies they use and tend to apply varied but appropriate language strategies and are able to explain the reasons why they use them for different tasks, learning needs and different stages of their learning and that the learning strategy use of the high proficiency learners come forth more frequent and wide-ranging (OMalley Chamot, 1990). Ming Nuan Yang (2008) finds the same result in her study of language learning strategies used by the students in Chang Gung Institute of Technology in Taiwan. In her study of language learning strategies used by students at different proficiency levels in a university in Taiwan, Ya Ling Wu (2008) confirms that the higher proficency students use more and varied learning strategies, especially cognitive, metacognigive and social strategies than the lower proficiency students do. However, Vann and Abraham (cited in Sawani) found the opposite results in their study of strategy use of ecademic English learners in the USA which showed that the strategy use of the unsuccessful learners are the same as the successful learnersAs we know, language learning strategies can help learners to be more autonomous. Language learning strategies also as sisst learners in making choices, initiating learning activities and taking responsibility for their learning. Each strategy have its own significant effect on different language skills. To deal well with English language speaking learning, the learner , as a good language learner, is required to be a risk-taker, to make good use of paraphrasing and circumlocution, to be aware the importance of self-monitoring, and self-evaluation (Chamot Kupper, 1989). Therefore speaking skills in partcular are usually effected most by compensation, cognitive, metacognitive, social and affective strategies.One of the biggest problems that the L2 learners face to is the deficiency in vocabulary and grammar of the target language. In the English language speaking classroom, the highly proficient students usuall usually apply compensation strategies which to Oxford (1990) can help learners comprehend and produce messages in the new langguage making up their deficiency in vocabulary and grammar. Apply ing compensation strategies , the learners appear to become a better language learner because they are getting willing to take risk. For example, they are willing to take risk to learn to speak the language at their expense. They are not afraid of being a fool when making mistakes or using gestures as they are speaking. They become good guessers to understand what people say and become very creative in using the target by paraphrasing or using circumlocution to express their mean messages to get themselves understood. In his study in 2009, Chandra Bose found that the compensation strategies were adopted by engineering students of Tamil Nadu in India while speaking English to make up for the inability to speak fluently and Goh and Foongs study on language learning strategy use of Chinese students shows similar results but Yang (2007) found that both high and low proficiency Chinese students in his uninersity used compensation strategies more than other strategies.Most learners are v ery cognitive when they deal with learning the second language esspecially aldult learners. They love using their mind, cognitive strategies to solve problems. However, OMalley Chamot (1990) beleive that cognitive and metacognitive strategies are often used together to support each other and that the appropriate combinations of using these strategies often bring more effectiveness. Cognitive strategies help learners analyse, classify and associate the new information with the prior knowledge and mentally restructure them to make the new one for their own. They provide language functions and structures whereas metacognitve stratergies help learners manage their learning by self reflecting. Rubin (1975) states that a good language learner always look for opportunities to involve in communication and highly aware of their learning. So does a language learner with metacognitive strategies. They monitor their own speaking to learn from the mistake they have made, plan their learning to achieve the goal they have established. These learners are usually reflective learners. Metacognitive strategies are claimed to be used more often by Formosan university students ( Yang, 2007) and Chinese students (Bedell, cited in Yang, 2007) than by Puerto Rican, Egyptian, Indonesian and Korean students (Yang, as cited in Yang, 2007).The affective filter hypothesis of Krashen (1982) concerns the factor of emotions that effect the learners second language acquisition. It means that the learners with high affective filter will receive less input than the ones with lower affective filter. This is consictent with Oxford (1990) belief that affective strategies can help learners to lower their anxiety, encourage themselves and take their emotional temperature. Affective strategies enable learners to control their emotions and attitude to language learning because the learners can be encourage or decourage in learning a foreign language by being intersed or anxious or bored. Affective s trategies are asserted to have sigficient impacts on learners since they assist learners to overcome the anxiety they may have when speaking. That is the reason why the results found in Yangs study of Chinese (Yang, 1993 cited in Yang, 2007) and Taiwanese students use of learning strategies show that affective strategies were used the least (Yang, 2007). This is explained that Chinese and Taiwanese students in a traiditional English class have few chances to speak.Learners tend to use social strategies look for oppotunities to engage themseves in communication by asking questions, asking for help, practising the new things they have learn with others and sharing their feelings about learning the target language with others. Learners with social strategies make use of asking questions to achieve understanding, cooperating to increase confidence and to be in competition to expose their better performence than othersand to develop cultural understanding. Social strategies help learners learn the target language through interacting with others. This is extremely significant in learning speaking. However, the choice of social strategies depends a lot on learners characteristics and learning styles. The learners with social strategies are usally busy learners who are extroverts who tend to open up with others to learn the language (Ehrman and Oxford, 1990).ConclusionMost of the studies on language learning styles and strategies in recent decades have stated that learning styles effect the seclection of language learning strategies the learners apply to their language learning. In the other hand, research also indicates that the levels of success and proficiency the learners reach and the frequency and translation of learning strategy use of the learners increase accordingly. These findings are vitally important to language teachers who play a very significant role in part of the successes that their students may enjoy or part of the failure that their students lea rning may end in. Learning about the diference of language learning strategy use between the successful, high proficiency learners and unsuccessful, low proficiency learners is necessary to teachers so that they can adapt their teaching styles to match their students learning styles, train their students the language learning strategies that the successful, high proficiency students utilize in their learning to help them to enhence their learnings effectiveness in the ways that the good language learner does.

Positive Effects Of Social Networking Media Essay

Positive Effects Of Social Networking Media EssayThe first type of mixer networking created was Email, which was invented in 1975 (Email). Since then hearty networking has advanced into a profile with numerous features that push aside be used and has integrated the use of email. Now amicable networking is changing the steering the world acts with concourse, and has provided many useful tools for the world to use. Still these social networks are continuing to advance to provide better features for users, and these popular sites exit continue to bring out in size. Even though social networks can keep negative effects such as wasting time, it similarly affects people positively by allowing people to communicate and outride in contact with friends in a much easier way.In the article Are social networking sites good for our society? (2009) social networking is defined as an online community that allow people to develop profiles of their backgrounds and interests, communicate w ith friends and strangers, and share thoughts, photos, Internet links, music, and more (p.1). Once a social network is join users are prompted to identify others in the system with which they have a relationship known generally as friends. Social networking sites vary greatly with the features they have to offer, and is what makes separately site different from the other. Six Degrees was the first major social network, similar to social networking today, to be launched and was launched in 1997 (Bhutkar, 2009). Social networking as it is today did non sustain popular until 2003 when Friendster MySpace and LinkedIn were launched. Then in 2004 Facebook was launched barely was only open to college disciples with a valid university email. Facebook remained a college only network for two years before it candid to the general public in 2006. Since then Facebook has become the number one social networking site (Bhutkar, 2009).Social networking sites allow people to communicate and re main in contact with friends as well as meet advanced people. These sites allow people to find others with similar interests that they can create a relationship with and secure to know one another. Groups can be joined or formed to meet people with similar interests, and views. Social networking allows for creative expression by victimization tools such as blogging and messaging to post ideas and stories (Are social networking sites good for our society, 2009). Users also share poems, interest in music, TV shows, hobbies, photos, and many other things (Jasson). Event invitations can be made and sent to friends rather than having to mail invitations and friends can also rsvp for an event on the site.Not only is it used to talk to friends, but it is also used to discuss educational topics. Social networking is said to increase a persons quality of life, and can reduce health risks. Many people report that they have not had any negative experiences with social networking, and prepa res are starting to look at it as an educational tool (Thelwell, 2006). The use of social networking cooperates improve expert skills of students, and exposes them to many diverse views about things. It also has helped with communication skills, and allows the learning of cultures from users all over the world. Also students use social networking to discuss homework topics with peers online, and to get help on assignments (Reid, 2009). Sixty percent of students on social networks have said that they talk about education, and 50 percent specifically talk about school work assignments. These students seem to have an extraordinary mold of traditional and 21st century skills including communication, creativity, collaboration, and leadership skills and technology proficiency. Parents are expecting schools to take advantage of exploitation online social networking to educate children, but to do so in a safe way. Some public schools have created a secure social network for its student to be able to communicate with other students, and to do so in a more safe way (National School Board Association, 2007).Social Networking does not just benefit individuals, but it also benefits businesses as well. These sites allow businesses to advertise and market services to a large audience, and a profile is free to set up (Gillin). Numerous businesses have created profiles that provide detailed information about the business to advertise in a low cost way (Roberts, 2008). Businesses will gain more attention on social networks because the business profile is available to for all users of the social network to see. Also businesses like to use social networks to learn what potential employees are like, and make decisions based on the information provided on the persons profile (Ellison, Steinfield, Lampe, 2007).Social networking has already completely changed the way people interact in the world, but also it is advancing more to make it easier to access. Now social networking is fair mobile and can be accessed through the use of a electric cellular phone phone. It is thought to be a great idea and would increase the use of social networking since a lot of people carry cell phones with them at all times. People can use mobile phones to update their status, post comments, upload photos, send messages, and update profile from just about anywhere (Kharif, 2006). This allows people to be able to get things done as well as take some time to log onto social networks. Making social networks fond through cell phones is also expected to increase the number of users by a significant amount (Gillin). So far mobile social networking is existence used more than social networking from pc computers. The top sites that are being visited using mobile phones are Facebook, MySpace, and Bebo. Being able to access social networks from the cell phone unlocks the full potential of social network, and makes it more convenient for people to use. Since it is more convenient to u se the number of users has change magnitude and the mobile social networking has increased significantly (Hamblen, 2008).Social networking does have negative effects as well, but are nothing compared to the advantages of using it. These sites reduce the amount of face to face socialising and replace it with online interaction which is believed to result in low quality relationships with other people (Mikami, Szwedo, Allen, Evans, Hare, 2010). Teens over share information to the public that can hurt them in the future when trying to get a job, and deleting the information is not good enough. Cyber bullying occurs as well, which is bullying people online in a public way, but occurs at a small percentage. People that frequently use online social networking are also prone to social isolation which can lead to first and decreased social skills (Mikami, Szwedo, Allen, Evans, Hare, 2010). A false sense of security leaves social networking site users vulnerable to security attacks such as hacking, leaking sensitive information, and sending viruses. individuation theft can occur when a cybercriminal uses the network to gather personal information posted about people (University of the Pacific). It also has been said that social networking sites let out children by allowing pedophiles to seek out children (Are social networking sites good for our society?). Also since they are becoming mobile it might encourage people to use cell phone to access these sites while driving just like text messaging was a popular thing to do while driving.Social networking becoming mobile use will increase cell phone use and the problem with that is that cell phones have been found to emit electromagnetic radiation that is intent by the brain and body. This absorption disrupts the brain sites for memory and learning and can cause confusion and forgetfulness (Thomas, 2004). It is also been reported that cell phones can cause genus Cancer from the electromagnetic exposure to other pa rts of the body, but little emphasis has been placed on it. The cause of cancer in the brain has been the main health concern with cell phones, which social networking by mobile phone is not exposing the brain to the waves. Also, cell phones give small amounts of radiation off and would require a lot of use and over a long period of time for it to start to cause cancer. Research is needed to provide evidence to determine that authentic health risk of cell phones.Social networking has its advantages and its disadvantages like everything else does. The sites are continuously advancing, and changing to fix the negative problems. One example would be accessing social networking sites using cell phones so that people can access the site on the go rather than sit at home on a computer. intimately users have stated that they have had only positive experiences with social networking, and very few people experience cyber bullying. There are still problems that need to be fixed, but it seem s that the positive effects outweigh the negative effects. Social networking is a very valuable tool that can be used to meet new people, and allow people to remain in contact with friends. Even though it can waste time, social networking positively affects the world by allowing people to communicate, and remain in contact with friends in an easy and convenient way.

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Login sessions expire for two reasons. For your security, your hick Mail session expires a maximal of eight hours after you have logged in. If you have chosen in your Yahoo User Information to be prompted for a password more frequently than all eight hours, your session will expire after the specified gist of time. If you do not accept the cookies set on login or your computer is not configured to accept cookies, your session will expire almost today. We call cookies (small pieces of site information) to assist us in user authentication and in providence configuration information. Cookies are required for Yahoo Mail. If you see this message immediately after logging in, you should check the following Check to see that your computer system time is accurate. Cookies are time sensitive and may not draw if your computer date is incorrect by a large amount. Make sure that your browser is configured to accept cookies or that you agree to accept cookies during the login process. ch ange by reversal off any third party programs or control panels that automatically reject cookies. Login sessions expire for two reasons. For your security, your Yahoo Mail session expires a maximum of eight hours after you have logged in. If you have chosen in your Yahoo User Information to be prompted for a password more frequently than every eight hours, your session will expire after the specified amount of time. If you do not accept the cookies set on login or your computer is not configured to accept cookies, your session will expire almost immediately. We use cookies (small pieces of site information) to assist us in user authentication and in saving configuration information. Cookies are required for Yahoo Mail. If you see this message immediately after logging in, you should check the following

An Army of One: Me Essay -- Analysis, Jean Twenge

The way the mind serves is through a stack of processes, which are steps that must be taken in order for the function it is producing to be accomplished successfully. These processes are related to those that society must be willing to take in order to achieve a desired goal, otherwise known as the struggle. Younger coevalss, called Generation Me, develop narcist views that did not allow for the struggle to be considered in their generation. The basis for this mindset is introduced by author Jean Twenge in her essay, An Army of One Me, as she expound the gap that occurred between Baby Boomer parents and their GenMe children. This communication was severed because GenMe was taught that their ideas are the best, and therefore not debatable. This translates to differences in opinion and results in individualism. When those individuals do not work together, as demonstrated by Deborah Tannen, author of The Roots of Debate in Education and The Hope of Dialogue, they tend to have a weak brain of debate because they stick up for themselves. As a diagnosis to this problem of disconnectedness, Nicholas Carr, author of Is Google Making Us Stupid? decides that our society has begun to skip steps in the process of learning and in particular, the struggle that produces the desired outcome. The disconnectedness that has developed in society has caused the loss of real learning, and the problem based on the generation gap introduced by Twenge altered the struggle that is necessary to accomplish, which Tannen believes in and where Carr determines real learning bathroom occur. In order for us to fully understand why we cannot achieve real learning one must understand the roots as well as the problem. Twenge talks about the problem ... ...lting in na less beneficial result, for it it only harms not only ourselves but our society as a whole. Twenge, Tannen, and Carr are all explaining and alluding to the fact that we are not existence productive and constructive as a soci ety, and that we are not working together as one. There is a great need for a commute in the way that our society works, starting with a change in the teaching of children and even adults about the true meaning of self and how society can develop connectedness by working together. Once society can act for themselves and can learn to listen to others, there must then be a change in the way that learning is promoted, and most importantly a society as a whole must be the one to encourage real learning. Social connectedness is a vital component in mediating real learning, and it is one that our society has to work for in order to achieve.

Love is Beautiful in Julius Caesar Essay -- Julius Caesar

The word drive in has thousands of regard asing but in the end it can mean save one thing. Now over the years the word love had totally lost its meaning, but thats not important to this essay. We are feeling back at a time when love was a word that you didnt throw around. When love still had meaning. When togas were still in style.The word love is repeated in many forms throughout the play Julius Caesar. Unlike the way that we use it today, this word had different meanings. Someone saying it did not usually mean sexual feelings towards another, but it meant friendship in its own sick and twisted way. In all seriousness though, this word truly meant something back then. So that is what well be looking at today, the multiple meanings of the word that is love. Grab your togas and join the funOk first we will be looking into act one. For those of you who didnt discover or just plain forgot what happened here it is in a nutshell. Ok Caesar just killed Pompay and is the over-all rul er of Rome. Some people do not like this and embark on to conspire to kill Caesar. Easy enough, right? We see the word love many times in this act but lets check out the basics. Cassius says, were I a common laughter or did use to stale with ordinary oaths my live to every new protestor (line 73, Act I, scene II). What he is saying here is that he loves the people willing to protest the rule of Caesar. Now this isnt oh I love you marry me now typ...

Classroom of the Future Essay -- Teaching Education

Classroom of the Future Essay In ten years, I entrust be 32 years old. I will be direction full-time in an elementary school. Things will be a lot different than they are now, technology in particular. Everything that is cutting-edge function now will be widely available. In my classroom of the future, my students will all have helpful technological tools to further enable their learning capabilities. unmatchable thing my classroom will have is a smart board. In fact, every classroom will have one. Smart boards, otherwise known as interactive whiteboards, are like big computer screens the size of chalkboards. The screen shows whatever the computer attached to it tells it to, and things can be highlighted and edited by sorrowful the screen. The boards are also able to be written on, and are totally interactive, hence the name interactive whiteboard. These will be really helpful when teaching lessons because of all the things that you can do with them. Its like a c halkboard that actually responds to you. Smart boards also enable video conferencing. This is great because students can go on virtual tours using these smart board video conferences. They can speak to scientists and tour guides and hundreds of other informed professionals willing to conference with them. This avoids the hassle of rhythmical field trips which involve transportation and permission slips and takes up a lot of time and energy. Now students can have those same benefits of learning from the comfort of their classrooms (EdCompass). another(prenominal) piece of technology that will benefit students in my future classroom will be cell phones. In ten years, theres a good possibility that every person in the country will have a cellular phone, students... ...nology to help them with every task. Their learning will be advanced tenfold through the use of whats known today as cutting-edge technology. And, best of all, classrooms will be improving all the time. who le shebang CitedDaly, J. (2004). Life on the screen. Retrieved Apr. 19, 2005, from Edutopia Magazine Web site http//www.edutopia.org/magazine/ed1article.php?id=Art_1160&issue=sept_04. Shreve, J. (2005). Let the games begin. Retrieved Apr. 19, 2005, from Edutopia Magazine Web site http//www.edutopia.org/magazine/ed1article.php?id=art_1268&issue=apr_05.SMART Technologies Inc., (n.d.). Edcompass. Retrieved Apr. 19, 2005, from respect Technology Web site http//edcompass.smarttech.com/. Wired Magazine, (2005). Cell phones put to novel use. Retrieved Apr. 19, 2005, from Wired News Web site http//wired-vig.wired.com/news/gizmos/0,1452,66950,00.html.